November-December

Hi students. Here you have the link for you to print the puzzle. I will be answered in the CLASSROOM! Remember to bring glue and scissors!

http://www.superteacherworksheets.com/landforms/landforms-1_WMWNF.pdf 

http://www.esltower.com/VOCABSHEETS/landforms/Landforms%20and%20Physical%20Geographywordsearch.pdf

http://www.in.gov/visitindiana/files/literacy-project/Visit_Indiana_Curriculum_Landforms_Crossword_A.pdf

COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING THE WORDS IN THE BOX  (quiz 101)

Rotation

Revolution

Crust

Leap year

troposphere

tropical climates          dry climates          mesosphere

These are very warm climates found in the tropics that experience high quantities of precipitation. The primary distinguishing characteristic of these climates is all months have average temperatures above 18°C:  __________________

The spinning of the Earth around its own axis causes day and night. It takes

 hours to complete this movement: ________________

These are climates that experience little precipitation during most of the year. Further, potential losses of water from evaporation and transpiration greatly exceed atmospheric input. ___________

 The Earth moves around the Sun. It takes almost 365 days to complete this movement. _____________

The calendar always has 365 days, after every 4 years, the earth has made one extra rotation, so calendars add a ________________

_________is the layer next to the ground or surface of the Earth. It covers around 16 km high. This is where we live and even where planes fly.

 Earth’s _____________ is in the surface of the planet and it’s covered by water and vegetation.

The mesosphere covers the next 50-80 km beyond the stratosphere. This is where most meteors burn up upon entry. ________________

Atmosphere layers

The atmosphere is divided into five layers. It is thickest near the surface and thins out with height until it eventually merges with space.

1) The troposphere is the first layer above the surface and contains half of the Earth's atmosphere. Weather occurs in this layer.
2) Many jet aircrafts fly in the stratosphere because it is very stable. Also, the ozone layer absorbs harmful rays from the Sun.
3) Meteors or rock fragments burn up in the mesosphere.
4) The thermosphere is a layer with auroras. It is also where the space shuttle orbits.
5) The atmosphere merges into space in the extremely thin exosphere. This is the upper limit of our atmosphere.

The Earth's atmosphere is divided up into 5 major layers: Exosphere - The last layer and the thinnest. It goes all the way to 10,000 km above the Earth's surface. Thermosphere - The thermosphere is next and the air is very thin here. Temperatures can get extremely hot in the thermosphere. It covers around 80-640 km high. Mesosphere - The mesosphere covers the next 50-80 km beyond the stratosphere. This is where most meteors burn up upon entry. The coldest place on Earth is at the top of the mesosphere. Stratosphere - The stratosphere extends for the next 32 miles (16 – 50 km) after the troposphere. Unlike the troposphere the stratosphere gets its heat by the Ozone Layer absorbing radiation from the sun. As a result, it gets warmer the further away you get from the Earth. Weather balloons go as high as the stratosphere. Troposphere - The troposphere is the layer next to the ground or surface of the Earth. It covers around 16 km high. This is where we live and even where planes fly. Around 80% of the mass of the atmosphere is in the troposphere. The troposphere is heated by the surface of the Earth.

Oral Presentation.

Here you have the teams for your oral presentation. I will ask teacher Fernando if it's possible for us to use the computers so you can work there. I will let you know what happened! 
Here you have some links so you can get some information:
http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7v.HTML
http://www.sciences360.com/index.php/climate-4295/
http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/climate.htm

101
Team 1 Tropical: Diana, Julieta, Isaac, Luis Ramón, Tania Arana   
Team 2 DRY: Nathalie, Erick B, Armando I, Daneira, Marisol
Team 3 MILD MID LATITUDE: Paola, Rodrigo, Melissa, Sthefanny, Jorge Alberto Solís
Team 4 SEVERE MID LATITUDE: Dafne, Daniela, Jorge Sánchez, Israel, Tania C, Fernanda L
Team 5 POLAR: Juan Carlos, Marylu, Frida, Gibrán, Harold
Team 6 INTRODUCTION, WHAT IS THE KOPPEN CLASSIFICATION: Marco, Mary Carmen, Erick T, Irving,


102

Team 1 Tropical: Javier, Anette, Susana, Luis Eduardo, Aurora
Team 2 DRY : Diego Gerardo, Jocelyn, , Ernesto, Braulio, Rodrigo
Team 3 MILD MID LATITUDE : Danai, Alan, Abril, Cristina, Eduardo, Darian
Team 4 SEVERE MID LATITUDE: Marco Aurelio, Samuel, César, Brenda, Luis Daniel, Regina
Team 5 POLAR: Carlos O., Elizabeth, Fernanda T,  Carlos Daniel
Team 6 INTRODUCTION, WHAT IS THE KOPPEN CLASSIFICATION: Viviana, Fer ch, Mariana


103
Team 1 Tropical: Citlalli, Fernando, Rosmira, Juan Carlos, David Velázquez
Team 2 DRY : Israel, Daniela, Helena, Jorge, Elizabeth, Fernanda C.
Team 3 MILD MID LATITUDE: Erika, Sebastián, David Rodríguez, Juan Pablo, Aranza, César
Team 4: SEVER MID LATITUDE  Carlos, Mariana, Santiago, Norma, José Pablo
Team 5 POLAR: Dulce, Dolores, Jaqueline, Larissa, Fernanda Tovar, Rodrigo

104

Team 1 TROPICAL: Miguel, Andrea, André, Ximena, Isalia
Team 2 DRY: Karla, Ana Laura, Daniela E, Javier, Cristián, Dana
Team 3 MILD MID LATITUDE : Sergio, Frida, Rodolfo, Daniela H., Ruy, Miranda
Team 4 SEVERE MID LATITUD: Luisa, Gerardo, Juan Arturo, Oscar Michelle, Dafne, Illyan
Team 5 POLAR : Diego G., Jorge Adrián, Valeria, Andrés, Edson, Ivanna

105
Team 1 TROPICAL: Jairo, Lucía, Jimena M., Oscar, Brenda
Team 2 DRY: Ariadna, Sara de la Cruz, Diego, Paulina Lovera, Agustín, Ximena
Team 3 MILD MID LATITUDE: Adriana, Marina, Elías, Rubén, Aline, Alejandro
Team 4 SEVERE MID LATITUDE: Mariano, Oswaldo, Daniela, Sara, Ricardo, Paulina
Team 5 POLAR: Zainy, Natalia, Sofía, Heriberto, José Alberto, Juan Carlos

Tectonic plates

The crust of our planet is cracked into seven large and many other smaller slabs of rock called plates, averaging about 50 miles thick. As they move (only inches per year), and depending on the direction of that movement, they collide, forming deep ocean trenches, mountains, volcanoes, and generating earthquakes.

What are the Lithosphere and Asthenosphere

The lithosphere can be defined as the solid outermost surface of a planet. It is the approximately 100 first strong and rocky kilometers of the earth’s surface. Its name is derived from the Greek words for rock, or “litho,” and layer, or “sphere.” When scientists refer to plate tectonics, they are generally referring to the top plate of the earth’s surface, which would be the lithosphere. It is also divided into two sorts of layers- a continental layer and an oceanic layer. These make up accordingly for the land mass and the water on the earth’s surface. The asthenosphere is a weaker layer that flows right underneath the lithosphere. Together, the lithosphere and the asthenosphere comprise what scientists refer to as the earth’s mantle. There are two different kinds of lithosphere which together make up the earth’s surface, or crust. The oceanic lithosphere is essentially what is referred to as the ocean floor. Continental lithosphere is the continental crust, or the formation of earth’s land and continents.

A	B
TOPOGRAPHY	The shape of the land determined by elevation, relief, and landforms.
ELEVATION	Height above sea level.
RELIEF	The difference in elevation between the highest and lowest parts of an area.
LANDFORM	A feature of topography formed by the processes that shaped Earth’s surface.
LANDFORM REGION	A large area of land where the topography is similar.
PLAIN	A landform made up of flat or gently rolling land with low relief.
MOUNTAIN	A landform with high elevation and high relief.
MOUNTAIN RANGE	A series of mountains that have the same general shape and structure.
PLATEAU	A landform that has a more or less level surface and is elevated high above sea level.
LITHOSPHERE	A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust. One of four spheres into which scientists divide Earth.
CORE	Earth’s sense center, made up of the solid inner core and the molten outer core.
MANTLE	The layer of hot, solid material between Earth’s crust and core.
CRUST	The layer of rock that forms Earth’s outer surface.
ROCK	The material that forms Earth’s hard surface.
GEOLOGY	The study of the solid Earth.
MAP	A model of all or part of Earth’s surface as seen from above.
GLOBE	A sphere that represents Earth’s surface.
SCALE	Used to compare distance on a map or globe to distance on Earth’s surface.
SYMBOLS	On a map, pictures used by mapmakers to stand for features on Earth’s surface.
KEY	A list of the symbols used on a map.
EQUATOR	An imaginary line halfway between the North and South poles that circles Earth.
HEMISPHERE	One half of the sphere that makes up Earth’s surface.
PRIME MERIDIAN	The line that makes a half circle from the North Pole to the South Pole, passing through Greenwich, England.
DEGREE	A unit used to measure distance around a circle. One degree equals 1/360 of a full circle.
LATITUDE	The distance north or south from the equator, measured in degrees.
LONGITUDE	The distance in degree east or west of the prime meridian.
MAP PROJECTION	A framework of lines that helps to show landmasses on a flat surface.
SATELLITE IMAGE	Pictures of the land surface based on computer data collected from satellites.
PIXEL	The tiny dots in a satellite image.
DIGITIZING	Converting information to numbers for use by a computer.
TOPOGRAPHIC MAP	A map that shows the surface features of an area.
CONTOUR LINE	A line on a topographic map that connects points of equal elevation.
CONTOUR INTERVAL	The difference in elevation from one contour line to the next.
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM	A method of finding latitude and longitude using satellites.

Major Köppen Climate Categories

These major climate categories have the following broad characteristics:

	A - Tropical Moist Climates: These are very warm climates found in the tropics that experience high quantities of precipitation. The primary distinguishing characteristic of these climates is all months have average temperatures above 18°C (64°F).
	B - Dry Climates: These are climates that experience little precipitation during most of the year. Further, potential losses of water from evaporation and transpiration greatly exceed atmospheric input.
	C - Moist Mid-latitude Climates with Mild Winters: In these climates, summer temperatures are warm to hot and winters are mild. The primary distinguishing characteristic of these climates is the coldest month has an average temperature between 18°C (64°F) and -3°C (27°F).
	D - Moist Mid-Latitude Climates with Cold Winters: In these climates, summer temperatures are warm and winters are cold. The primary distinguishing characteristic of these climates is the average temperature of warmest month exceeds 10°C (50°F), and average temperature of coldest is below -3°C (27°F).
	E - Polar Climates: These climates have very cold winters and summers, with no real summer season. The primary distinguishing characteristic of these climates is the warmest month has an average temperature below 10°C (50°F).
	H - Highland Climates: These are climates that are strongly influenced by the effects of altitude.  As a result, the climate of such locations is rather different from places with low elevations at similar latitudes.

The Köppen Climate Classification System is the most widespread system used to classify the climates of places on our planet. The system was developed German climatologist and amateur botanist Wladimir Köppen (1846-1940) who divided the world's climates into several major categories based upon general temperature profile related to latitude.

The Köppen Climate Classification System is a empirical system based on observable features
The first level recognizes six major climatic types with each group being designated by a capital letter. These major climate categories have the following broad characteristics:

A	Tropical humid	Af	Tropical wet	No dry season
		Am	Tropical monsoonal	Short dry season; heavy monsoonal rains in other months
		Aw	Tropical savanna	Winter dry season
B	Dry	BWh	Subtropical desert	Low-latitude desert
		BSh	Subtropical steppe	Low-latitude dry
		BWk	Mid-latitude desert	Mid-latitude desert
		BSk	Mid-latitude steppe	Mid-latitude dry
C	Mild Mid-Latitude	Csa	Mediterranean	Mild with dry, hot summer
		Csb	Mediterranean	Mild with dry, warm summer
		Cfa	Humid subtropical	Mild with no dry season, hot summer
		Cwa	Humid subtropical	Mild with dry winter, hot summer
		Cfb	Marine west coast	Mild with no dry season, warm summer
		Cfc	Marine west coast	Mild with no dry season, cool summer
D	Severe Mid-Latitude	Dfa	Humid continental	Humid with severe winter, no dry season, hot summer
		Dfb	Humid continental	Humid with severe winter, no dry season, warm summer
		Dwa	Humid continental	Humid with severe, dry winter, hot summer
		Dwb	Humid continental	Humid with severe, dry winter, warm summer
		Dfc	Subarctic	Severe winter, no dry season, cool summer
		Dfd	Subarctic	Severe, very cold winter, no dry season, cool summer
		Dwc	Subarctic	Severe, dry winter, cool summer
		Dwd	Subarctic	Severe, very cold and dry winter, cool summer
E	Polar	ET	Tundra	Polar tundra, no true summer
		EF	Ice Cap	Perennial ice